Description:
The habitat is represented by Fagus sylvatica forests and, in higher mountains, by Fagus sylvatica-Abies alba or Fagus sylvatica-Abies alba-Picea abies forests developed on neutral or slightly acidic soils, with high quality humus (mull). These forests can be found both in altitudes below 700 m (on shaded mountainsides and valleys, even on sunny mountainsides with old slides) and in altitudes over 700 m (on mountainsides with different inclinations and orientations, heights, plateaus). These forests are characterized by a massive distribution of species belonging to the ecological groups of Anemone nemorosa, Lamiastrum (Lamium) galeobdolon, Galium odoratum and Melica uniflora, and, in the mountains, of various species of Dentaria, forming an abundant and rich in species grassy layer.
Characteristic species:
The tree layer is composed either exclusively of beech, or of beech mixed with some hornbeam, holm, cherry tree, mountain sycamore, plane checker tree, elm, ash tree, Tilia cordata, and in the southwest and west of Romania there can also be found species of Turkey oak and Hungarian oak.
The shrub layer, with varying development, depending on the tree coverage, consists of Corylus avellana, Crataegus monogyna, Evonymus europaeus, Staphylea pinnata, Cornus sanguinea, Sambucus nigra etc.
The grass and undergrowth layer, with variable development, contains species of flora characteristic to mull soils (Galium odoratum, Asarum europaeum, Stellaria holostea, Carex pilosa, Mercurialis perennis, Dentaria bulbiferai).
The area covered in the site Caldarile Zabalei:
10%
